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Elizabeth Wiley Holmes
Born 1746 SC
Died 1811 Nashville, Davidson Co. TN

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Father
SPOUSE CHILDREN
Absalom Hooper Sr.

m. Nov 25, 1765
Long Cane Township SC
b. 1740?
Washington Dist. SC
d. ?Oct 1814
Nashville, Davidson Co. TN
William Alston

b. 1763
Guilford NC
d. Jun 9, 1825
Montgomery Co. TN
Joseph (Capt.)

b. 1765
Spartanburg SC
d. Jun 9, 1825
Nashville TN
Ennis

b. 1768
Spartanburg SC
d. May 1803
Davidson Co. TN
Letitia

b. Mar 20, 1770
SC
d. Dec 28, 1826
Glasgow, Howard Co. MO
Sinah (Sinia) Melina

b. 1775
Natchez, British West Florida
d. 1876
Davidson Co. TN
Absalom Joseph Jr.

b. 1782
Guilford Co. NC
d. 1839
Waverly, Humphreys Co. TN
Elizabeth

b. 1785
Guilford NC
d. Oct 11, 1863
Hardin Co. TN
Nimrod Chauncey

b. 1788?
Davidson Co. NC (TN)
d. after 1850?
Henry TN
Elizabeth Holmes was likely a daughter of Thomas and Sarah Holmes, who moved to Natchez District in 1772 and was described as a widow in the Natchez Court Records in Jul 1781 as owning adjoining land in the inventory of John Alston, and as "Mrs. Holmes" in Jun 1777 owning land bordering "450 acres 5 mi. south of the Natchez" claimed by Alston and also bordering land of son-in-law Absalom Hooper [McBee, Book A, pp.1, 504]. On Sep 21, 1772, a British grant to Sarah Holmes of 200 acres was "on waters of Middle Cr., b. by William Radcliff" [McBee, Book A, p. 548]. The Middle Creek would be Second Creek, between St. Catherine's and Sandy Creeks.
On Nov 25, 1765 Elizabeth married Absalom Hooper, in Long Cane SC. This area near Abbeville used to be Cherokee land, until it became part of Granville and Colleton Counties, which in 1791 was replaced by the Washington District of SC.
In 1769, husband Absalom witnessed a deed for land lying on Canes Creek, a branch from the Long Canes in SC. Then, in 1770, Thomas Holmes sold 100 acres, described as being "on which Absalom Hooper lives" and lying on Russell Creek [The relationship between Elizabeth (Holmes) Hooper and Thomas Holmes has not been deciphered].
About 1770 husband Absalom was charged with being a horse thief and with murder. He appeared for trial in Charleston SC, apparently made bail, and was to reappear for a continuance the next spring, but he never showed up.
On Sep 21, 1772, Absalom patented 250 acres from the British Govt. on Second Creek near the Fort of Natchez in what was then British West Florida. "Absalom Hooper claims 250 acres being unto me granted as above. Plat shows Indian Old Fields" [McBee, Book F, p. 525]. That year, Absalom was the head of a household in the Natchez area of British West Florida. His family would have included 4 other members since the claimant was allowed 100 acres and 50 acres for each additional family member.
Brother-in-law "Innes Hooper" was also granted 250 acres of land about 20 miles from Natchez on Sep 21, 1772 [McBee, Book F, p. 436]. Sarah Holmes was granted 200 acres "on waters of Middle [Second] Cr., b. by William Radcliff" [McBee, Book A, p. 548]. Sarah may have been the widow of Thomas Holmes, and mother of Elizabeth and of the Charles Holmes who was executed for murder two years later.
In December 1772, Absalom Hooper was involved with a gang that killed a Frenchman named Carbonneau and four others, including two Negroes, on the Mississippi River just south of the Yazoo River and north of Grand Gulf. This crime managed to get recorded in several colonial newspapers. The gang consisted of Ennis [sic] Hooper, Charles Holmes, Joshua Howard, Absalom Hooper, Richard Holloway, and Reason Young.
The Spanish Government from New Orleans captured Joshua Howard, Innes Hooper and Charles Holmes by the end of Spring 1773 and turned them over to the British Government of West Florida [Davies, pp. 177-8, 242-243].
The governors of both New Orleans and of British West Florida tried to capture the culprits, but never managed to get the last three men named. Joshua Howard gave evidence on the crime, and [Absalom's brother] Ennis [sic] Hooper and Charles Holmes both were hung in May 1774 [1774 Proclamation, Rivington's New York Gazeteer, Aug 4, 1774].
Joshua Howard was among those who petitioned the British Govt. of West Florida for land on Nov 6, 1776. He was given a warrant for 200 acres on Second Creek (where Absalom also had a grant) in the Natchez District. The receipt for surveying fees was dated Jan. 22, 1777. After the Spaniards took possession of the territory, Howard left the Natchez District for the Cumberland Settlement in an area of far western North Carolina that later became Nashville TN. He returned to Natchez at the end of 1788.
Five days after the Howard petition, on Nov 11, 1776, Absalom's petition of pardon, he being "accused of robbery on the Mississippi River" was considered by the West Florida Govt. On the same day the land grant petition of Philip Alston was considered. On Dec 10 and 16, the land grant petition of John Alston was also considered [David Library of the American Revolution, West Florida Records, vol. 593, no. 107].
Map of the Natchez District as it may have looked between 1779 and 1799.
In January and October 1779, Absalom Hooper signed Loyalist petitions to the governor of British West Florida. On 27 Oct 1780, he was named in a Dec 1780 deposition Several others named in depositions in the record series in late 1780 include Joshua Howard, Thomas Holmes, and Philip Alston, father of John McCoy Alston who in 1795 married Hooper's daughter Sinia [Papeles Procedente de Isla Cuba Records in the Archives of Seville, Spain relating to U.S. History in the Spanish Provinces of Louisiana, Illinois and Florida Occidental, microfilm].
The land that Frederick Stump claimed bordered that of William White, the eldest son of John White. He was a private on the NC Continental Line, thereby receiving an original land claim in the Cumberland Settlement in Washington Co. NC, but he may never have actually settled on the land. This may be why John Holloway was there in 1780. The claim John Holloway attempted with a James Scott the year before on Long ("Glady") Creek (shown on Map) appears to be the same as Whites Creek which ran through the lands claimed by Frederick Stump, William White, Joshua Howard and Absalom Hooper, before flowing into the Cumberland River. See Topographical Map showing early land claims in the Whites Creek area [Drake, p. 23 and map E7]. James Scott did receive a land grant but John Holloway never did.
Washington Co., previously Washington District, was formed by North Carolina in 1777 and extended west to the Mississippi River, mostly containing land inhabited by five different tribes of Native Americans, but mostly Cherokee. In 1779, the Cumberland Settlement was created by the granting of land by the NC government. In 1783 this settlement was mostly contained in the newly formed Davidson Co. and surrounded by Indian Lands, and Virginia and Kentucky to the North. Map of the Cumberland Settlements showing Forts, known as Stations, in present-day counties.
Joshua Howard arrived in the Cumberland Settlement from the Natchez District by the beginning of 1781. He eventually was assigned Captain of the Freeland's Station on Mar 15, 1783 [Clayton, p. 37].
On Mar 19, 1782 "Benj. Holmes" was one of three witnesses of the will of James Perry, the brother of Daniel Perry Sr.. On Jan 12, 1783 Joseph Holmes and Benjamin Holmes were two of the three who witnessed the will of William McIntosh (1740?-1783) [McBee, Book A, pp. 14, 19-20].
On May 7, 1784, a Judith Holstein sued a David Choat [1752-1784?), claiming he had "carried off her daughter, the wife of Thomas Holmes [Jr., Elizabeth's brother], and the child of said Holmes has also been carried away" by Choat and his daughter [McBee, Book G, p. 321]. Judith King was the wife of Stephen Holston (1718-1787). Her daughter Sarah (1755-1813) may have married John Choat Sr. (1751-1830), who was a fugitive rebel in Oct 1781 [familysearch,org, website].
In 1783, North Carolina created Davidson County, the first county in what became the state of Tennessee in 1796 formed from the Southwest Territory.
On Nov 6, 1783 Absalom made a deposition in Davidson Co. regarding a Daniel Oglesby who lived in Cumberland and previously in Natchez. A James Oglesby owned land on Second Creek [McBee, Book C, p. 105]. Daniel made a deposition on Mar 23, 1821 that in 1785, he went to hunt with Absalom, crossed "the Red River about two miles below where Phil Alston lived" and met William Hooper [son] at the Muddy River, an area now in Logan Co. KY [Logan Co. KY Abstracts of Equity Cases, Vol 1, p. 20].
Map of the Cumberland Settlement in 1780 [Summerville].
On Oct 4, 1784, Absalom Hooper recorded his stock mark, "a crop off each ear and upper & lower slopes in each, commonly called Piggin Handles" [Davidson Co. Court Minutes, Book A, page 42].
In 1787, the first year Davidson County NC levied a tax on land and polls (persons), Absalom Hooper family had 7 taxable, and his son had one taxable [Whitley, Pioneers of Davidson Co. Tennessee, pp. 11-12].
On Dec 31, 1788, "Joucha Hayward" arrived in Natchez from "Cumberland/Tennessee", not listed among the flatboats and without family. In a letter dated Mar 2, 1790, from Carlos de Grand-Pré, Natchez, Mar 2, 1790 to Governor Don Estavan Miro, the amount of tobacco was reported by growers of Natchez. A "Joshua Houvard" reported producing 5000 pounds of tobacco [MS Dept of Archives & History, website].
Son William married Sarah Hollis on Mar 4, 1789 in Nashville when it was governed by the State of North Carolina.
On Apr 28, 1790 brother "Simon Holmes" witnessed a land sale from John King Sr. to Benjamin Osman of 370 acres on St. Catherine's Creek >Mr. Cobb" and "the Smiths" [McBee, Book F, p. 434].
On Jul 9, 1792 Absalom was living on the east side of Whites Creek when "Absolom Hooper" deeded 48 acres "on East side of Whites Creek, se corner of preemption of 640 acres of Benjamin Drake Sr." to a David Earhart. This land was adjacent to "Hoopers line of tract he now lives on" with Ennis Hooper [son] one of the witnesses. The deed was recorded Jul 26, 1792 [Davidson Co. Deeds, Book C, page 59].
According to the 1792 Spanish Census for the Natchez District, mother "Sarah Holms" was a head of household in the Second & Sandy Creek section as was Joshua Howard, a single person without slaves. No Hooper households were counted at that time.
Sarah Holmes had 200 arpents with 3 other White persons [sons Joseph & Simpson & Thomas Jr.] and 4 slaves, and a "Benjamin Holmes" household had 4 Whites on 400 arpents with 4 slaves [MDAH].
In Oct 1792, the Stump distillery in Nashville TN was burned down by one of the area tribes. Frederick Stump was the first to distill whiskey in the region. By 1795 the rebuilt distillery along Whites Creek was producing up to 600 gallons of whiskey per year. Absalom Hooper was also producing whiskey as he was taxed for doing so by the end of the century [Tenn. State Museum].
On Sep 3, 1793 brother Simpson gave a deposition in which he asked William Glasscock about a foot race "at Simon Holmes'" involving "Mr. Cobb" and "the Smiths" [McBee, Book, p. 267].
Daughter Sinah married John McCoy Alston (1767-1856), son of Philip Alston, on Jan 3, 1795 in Davidson Co.
On Aug 10, 1795 "Absolom Hooper" deeded to "Bishop Asbury" one half acre "adj. Charles Parker line" with Joseph Hooper [son] and Samuel Hollis witnesses. The deed was recorded Oct 13, 1795 [Davidson Co. Deeds, Book C, page 431].
On Mar 10, 1796, son "Enas" [Ennis] married "Anne Young" in TN [Tenn. Co. Marriages, 1790-1950]. An Ann Hooper was appointed administrator of "Enias Hooper" on Oct 14, 1800 [Fischer, V. I, p. 180, cites Dav TN, Co Ct Min, C/336]. He is not mentioned in the 1811 will of his father.
Joshua Howard had become "Conservator of the Peace for the Southern District, Mississippi Territory" by Oct 27, 1798 when two men swore to the truth of statements made re: suit involving Elizabeth Still Lee lending a slave girl Peg to her son-in-law Alexander Freeland in the Summer of 1796. She had made her deposition before Cato West, Howard's counterpart in the Northern District [Ragland p.6].
Daughter Letitia "Letty" married Aquila Jones, her second husband, on Apr 16, 1798 in Davidson Co. TN.
In the half year ending Dec 31, 1799, "Absolem Hooper" paid tax of 4.26 in Distillery Tax to Davidson Co. [Tennessee State Museum].
Son Ennis married Elizabeth ?Thomas on Aug 30, 1802 but he died the next year. It appears an uncle named Jesse Hooper became "curator" of their children [Davidson Co. Marriages 1800-1804, p. 40].
On Mar 23, 1804, Absalom's 250 acres on Second Creek was claimed by the heirs of Samuel Wells [McBee, Book F, p. 442]. In 1796, a Rebecca Wells married Robert Holloway, the son of John Holloway who was killed by Indians on nearby land on Second Creek.
The 200 acres on Second Creek that was granted to Sarah Holmes by British West Florida was claimed by her on Feb 24, 1804 and witnessed by Joshua Howard, and the certificate was issued on Feb 27, 1805 [McBee, Book A, p. 548].
Son Nimrod married Nancy Lucas (1792-1835) on Sep 5, 1809 in Davidson Co. TN.
Son Absalom Jr. married Catherine Whaling (1794-1812?) on Sep 17, 1810 and had one daughter. He then married Catherine "Kitty" Lucas (1794-1878?) on Feb 1, 1812 in Davidson Co. TN.
In the 1810 Census for Louisiana, a "Benjamin Holmes" household in Orleans Parish had:
1 male under age 10,
2 males between age 10-16,
1 male over age 45 (himself),
1 female between age 16-26,
and 1 female between over age 45 (? wife),
and 3 slaves.
In the same census was a "Madam Holmes" (?Sarah) household in Avoyelles Parish, with only one member (female) over age 45 and 2 males and 2 females all older than 16, and 9 slaves.
In Jul 1812, an enumeration of the 2200+ free male inhabitants of Davidson Co. included Absalom and sons Absalom Jr. and Nimrod in Capt. Cloyd's Militia Company, which also included a John Lucas, probably related to the two Hooper daughter-in-laws [Whitley, Pioneers of Davidson Co. Tennessee, p. 22]. It seems that the Hooper men had all moved away from the Whites Creek section after the mother Elizabeth Hooper died in 1811.
Absalom Hooper had claimed land on Second Creek in the Natchez District several years before Joshua Howard, both in the 1770's. The two also claimed adjoining land along Whites Creek in the Cumberland Settlement in western North Carolina in the 1780's. Absalom did not return to Natchez with Joshua in 1788. The 4th item of his Will written in 1811, lists an "old Sam" among slaves bequeathed to his son Absalom (Jr.), along with "Smith tools", presumably originally belonging to the John Smith who earlier lived on his land on Whites Creek. If Old Sam was Samuel, the 50 year old slave listed in the inventory of the deceased John Holloway in Natchez in Oct 1781, he would have been about 80 when the will was written. The will also transferred ownership of a "Little Sam" [Copy of original, TN Will Book 4, p. 246].
Sources:
Adams Co. Mississippi Genealogy & History Network, "1792 Census for Natchez District (under Spanish Government control)", 2009, 1792 Census.
Cumberland Compact, original document signed May 13, 1780, Washington County NC, website.
Clayton, Prof. W.W., History of Davidson County Tennessee, reprod. 1971 by Charles Elder, Nashville TN.
David Library of the American Revoution, "British Colonial Office Records CO5 West Florida Records", website, vol 593, item 107.
Davidson Co. Deed Book C, pages 59, 431.
Davies, K. G., ed., Documents of the American Revolution, 1770-1783, vol. VI “Transcripts 1773”, Irish University Press, Dublin, 1974, pp. 177-8, 242-243.
Drake, Doug, Jack Masters and Bill Puryear, Founding of the Cumberland Settlements, The First Atlas, 1779-1804, Warioto Press, 2009, pp. 23, map E7.
Fischer, Marjorie Hood, comp. Tennessee Tidbits 1778-1914 Volume I, II, Ram Press, Vista CA, p. 180.
Logan Co. KY, Abstracts of Equity Cases, Vol 1, p. 20.
McBee, May Wilson, comp., "Land Claims", in Natchez Court Records, 1767-1805, Book F, p. 436, 442.
McBee, May Wilson, comp., Natchez Court Records, 1767-1805, Greenwood MS, 1953, v. 2, Book A, pp. 1, 14, 19-20, 450, 504-5, 518, 541, 548, Book F, p. 267, 434, Book G, p. 321.
MS Dept. of Archives & History (MDAH), Jackson MS, rootsweb, Americans Arriving in Spanish-Held Natchez 1780-1790.
MSGenWeb, Natchez District 1792 Census Index, comp. by Ellen Pack, Head of Household Index, transcribed and translated from Spanish.
North Carolina Land Grants, vol. 2, at Morganton NC Library, p. 6, #1476, transcribed by Lisabeth M. Holloway Oct 9, 1987.
Rivington's New York Gazeteer, Aug 4, 1774.
Summerville, James, Southern Epic, Gloucester Point VA, Hallmark, 1996.
Tennessee, County Marriages, 1790-1950, "John Alston" Marriage Record, p. 8.
Wells, Carol, Natchez Postscripts 1781-1798, Heritage Books, pp. 101, 144-5, 151,
Tennessee Co. Marriages, 1790-1950.
Tennessee State Museum, Nashville TN, Tennessee Distillery Tax Ledger, years 1795-1802, inside display case.
USGenWeb Archives, contr. by Houston Tracy Jr., "Deposition of William Wall, 20 Dec 1780", microfilm folio 458-9.
Tennessee State Library and Archives, Davidson Co. Tennessee Will Book 4, page 246, Microfilm Roll No. 427.
Whitley, Edythe Rucker, comp., Pioneers of Davidson County, Tennessee, Clearfield Publ., 2009.
Will Books 3 and 4, Wilkes County, North Carolina, 1811-1848, The Genealogical Society of "Original" Wilkes County), Will Book 3, "Estate of Josahua Howard", Oct 1814, page 89, 120.