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Col. John Patrick Donelson (Jr.)
Born Apr 7, 1718 Snow Hill, Somerset Co. MD
Died Nov 17, 1785 Wilderness Trail by Barron River KY
SPOUSE CHILDREN
Rachel Stockley

m. 1744?
?Pittsylvania VA
b. 1715
Accomack Co. VA
d. 1794
Lafayette Parish LA
Catherine "Kate"

b. 1750
Pittsylvania VA
d. 1835
Jackson, Madison Co. TN
Alexander "Sandy"

b. 1751?
VA
d. 1834
Mary E. "Mattie"

b. 1751?
Pittsylvania Co. VA
d. Sep 1823
Claiborne Co. MS
Stockley

b. 1752?
Pittsylvania Co. VA
d. Sep 1805
Davidson Co. TN
John Patrick III (Capt.)

b. Apr 7, 1755
Accomack Parish VA
d. Apr 21, 1830
Nashville, Davidson Co. TN
Jane

b. 1766?
Pittsylvania Co. VA
d. 1834
Rachel Stockley

b. Jun 15, 1767
Halifax VA
d. Dec 22, 1828
Nashville, Davidson Co. TN
Samuel

b. 1770
Pittsylvania Co. VA
d. Mar 5, 1804
Davidson Co. TN
Severn

b. Aug 1773
VA
d. Sep 15, 1818
Nashville, Davidson Co. TN
Leven

b. 1777
VA
d. 1833?
William

b. Sep 9, 1780
Washington Co. NC
d. Jul 25, 1821
A John White signed the 1777 petition of men living on the north Holston River complaining about the division of Fincastle Co. VA. They felt the county line was not equitable and the court house was too far away. Also signing were members of the Renfroe, Bledsoe, Drake, Mansker, Freeland, Terrell and Robertson families, as well as a Solomon White and "John Holladay". These names all match those that eventually moved to the Cumberland Settlement in 1780, where the families of John White and brother James White lived for about 2 years.
A settler named Farris wrote: "…in 1779 Colonel John Donelson informed the citizens of Halifax County, Virginia, that the government had offered a bounty of land near the French Lick on Cumberland River to any male 21 years of age and upwards who would become a citizen, build a cabin, raise corn, and be willing to encounter danger and privations" [Clarksville (TN) online, website].
On Jul 4, 1772 daughter Catherine married Thomas Hutchings Sr. (1745-1804) in Guilford Co. NC. She died at sons William's home in Jackson, Madison Co. TN in 1835 and buried after being moved to Nashville TN to be buried with her husband.
On Oct 25, 1775 daughter Mary married Capt. John Caffrey (or Caffery) II (1746-1811) in Amherst Co. VA and after 1800 they moved to Natchez MS where John was a merchant employed by Andrew Jackson.
Daughter Jane married Robert Hays. She outlived all but one of the Donelson children.
Son John III married Mary Purnell just before the Expedition in late 1780, during which Mary at age 16 was pregnant. They were living in the Cole's Creek area of Natchez District in the 1790s.
Son William married Charity Dickerson and became a surveyor.
Washington Co., previously Washington District, was formed by North Carolina in 1777 and extended west to the Mississippi River, mostly containing land inhabited by five different tribes of Native Americans, but mostly Cherokee. In 1779, the Cumberland Settlement was created by the granting of land by the NC government. In 1783 this settlement was mostly contained in the newly formed Davidson Co. and surrounded by Indian Lands, and Virginia and Kentucky to the North. Map of the Cumberland Settlements showing Forts, known as Stations, in present-day counties.
Photo of a Map showing the route of the Donelson Expedition on display at the Tennessee State Museum. On Dec 22, 1779, the expedition left Fort Patrick Henry on Long Island of the Holston River, but some boats likely joined the flotilla in Mar 1780 after it passed Knoxville, and then left it at the Red River near Clarksville on Apr 12. The Donelson flotilla reached Eaton's Station on the north side of the Cumberland River on Apr 21, 1780, and its final destination (Nashborough) on Apr 24 [Donelson's Journal, pp. 98-107].
Of the 300 persons in the Donelson flotilla, John Donelson's flatboat carried about 15 white persons and 30 slaves. It had a roof covering part of the boat.
A John White family was on a list of families recorded by Col. John Donelson as being with his flotilla expedition to the Cumberland Settlement in Washington Co. NC (now middle TN) which lasted several months into the spring of 1780 and endured a brutal winter, Indian attacks, hunger and smallpox. On Apr 12, the Whites were among at least 16 families, about 80 persons, to leave the expedition and settle 9 miles up from the Cumberland River along the Red River, settling at Fort Union, which became known as Renfroe's Station. The Donelson flotilla reached Eaton's Station on the north side of the Cumberland River on Apr 21, 1780, and its final destination (Nashborough) on Apr 24 [Donelson's Journal, pp. 98-107].
The family of co-founder James Robertson was on the List of Flotilla Captains from the journal kept by John Donelson during the voyage [Donelson's Journal, 1779-1780].
Several months into the flotilla expedition, Donelson described the hardship and the expected loss of some of the boats along the way in his Journal entries for March 1780 [Donelson's Journal, 1779-1780]. Two of his daughters, Catherine Hutchings and Mattie Caffery were part of the flotilla with their husbands.
By May 1780, John Donelson was with his family in the new Cumberland Settlement in Washington Co. in western NC territory (now TN). John, along with about 250 others, signed the Cumberland Compact created May 1, 1780. It was finalized on May 13 and established a provisional government for the isolated area; provided for the election of twelve representatives from the eight stations or forts; provided for a Sheriff, a Clerk, a Militia that required service by all men over age 16, and for the adjudication of causes, the administration of estates, and the awarding of executions. On the first page of signatures of the original Compact, "Jno. Donelson, C." is the fourth signature. The eighth is his son "John Donelson Jr." Also signing were co-founder "Js. Robertson", John "Holloday", Frederick Stump, his son Jacob Stump, and Philip Alston.
Statue of Donelson and co-founder of the Cumberland Settlement, James Robertson, with the Compact signers listed below. "Jno. Donelson C." is the fifth name listed in the first column.
Portrait of John Donelson [Jones and Archibald, website].
In May 1782, John White and his family arrived at Natchez in a party of 8 individuals under the entry "Juan White, wife and children". A total of 13 families were recorded by Spanish authorities on Jul 6, as arriving, including families of James White, and of William Dewitt and his second wife Catherine White, the daughter of brother William White.
Son Severn married Elizabeth Rucker (1782-1828). Two of their sons served with Andrew Jackson in different Indian Wars. Sons Alexander and Leven did not marry and had no children [Rucker family bible has written that Severn "born Aug 1773" and "died Oct 1818"].
Daughter Rachel married Andrew Jackson on Jan 17, 1794 in Natchez, West Florida, before he became U.S. President, but died before he was inaugurated in 1829.
Miniature portrait of Rachel Donelson Jackson printed on a postcard. The portrait was done in Washington DC in 1814 by Anna Claypoole Peale, who was married to Gen. William Duncan, son of Seth Duncan Sr..
On Jun 20, 1796 son Samuel married Mary "Polly" Smith (1781-1857) in Davidson Co. TN. Two of their sons served with Andrew Jackson in different Indian Wars. They had three sons before Samuel died of pneumonia in 1804. She then married James Sanders in 1806 and had nine more children.
On Apr 17, 1797, son Stockley married Mrs. Elizabeth Glasgow Martin (1772-1847) in Raleigh NC.
SOURCES:
Cumberland Compact, original document signed May 13, 1780, Washington County NC, website.
Clayton, Prof. W.W., History of Davidson County Tennessee, reprod. 1971 by Charles Elder, Nashville TN.
Donelson's Journal, 1779-1780, Transcription from the Tennessee Virtual Archive website, pp. 98-107.
Drake, Doug, Jack Masters and Bill Puryear, Founding of the Cumberland Settlements, The First Atlas, 1779-1804, Warioto Press, 2009, pp. 23, map E7.
Alexander Gregg, History of the Old Cheraws, repr. of 1925 ed., Balto. Geneal. Publ., 1967, p.90.
Imbert, J. Leopold, map maker, Carte des Possessions Angloises... 1777, reprinted by the Museum of the American Revolution from map image at the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Boston Public Library.
Jones, Kriston & Aidan Archibald, "Wataugans and Cumberland Settlements", website.
Tuller, Roberta, "1777 Petition of Holston Men", in An American Family History, website, Amazon Services, 2020.
U. S. Census, Attakapas (Now St. Martin) Parish LA, 1810, S-K Publ., 2003, pp. 57, 65.
Virginia Land Patents, Book 8, p. 16.
White, Gifford, "James White and John White", Wm Wiseman & the Davenports, Pioneers Of Old Burke County, North Carolina, v.2, by M.L.Vineyard & E.M.Wiseman, Franklin NC, 1997, pp. 86-96, 107-112.
White, Gifford, James Taylor White of Virginia and some of his descendants into Texas, Austin, TX, April 1982.
Whitley, Edythe Rucker, comp., Pioneers of Davidson Co., Tennessee, Clearfield Publ., 2009.