From the Mountains to the Prairies

William "Wiley Harpe" Harper
Born 1762? Orange Co. NC
Executed Feb 23, 1804 Greenville, Jefferson Co. Miss. Territory
SPOUSE CHILDREN
Sally Rice

m. by Jun 1, 1797
Knox Co. TN
b. 1781
Knoxville TN
d. 1834?
Laurens Co. SC

?daughter
b. Apr 8, 1799
Danville KY
Wiley's father, John William Harper, and his brother John immigrated from Scotland by 1760 and settled in Orange Co. NC between 1761 and 1763. Wiley's cousin, Micajah was the son of John Harper. Wiley's father may have died in 1779 in Cape Fear NC.
The Harpe cousins, Wiley and Micajah, are believed to have fought under British General Ferguson at the battle of King's Mountain in 1780. Map of Western Carolinas during the Revolution shows location of King's Mt. and Quaker Meadows, where the Patriots assembled before the battle.
In 1781, the Harpes participated in the Indian attack on the Bluffs Station in the Cumberland Settlement in Washington Co. NC. Map of the Cumberland Settlement in 1780.
Washington Co., previously Washington District, was formed by North Carolina in 1777 and extended west to the Mississippi River, mostly containing land inhabited by five different tribes of Native Americans, but mostly Cherokee. In 1779, the Cumberland Settlement was created by the granting of land by the NC government. In 1783 this settlement was mostly contained in the newly formed Davidson Co. and surrounded by Indian Lands, and Virginia and Kentucky to the North. Map of the Cumberland Settlements showing Forts, known as Stations, in present-day counties.
On Aug 19, 1782 the Harpes were part of a war party of Chickamauga Cherokee Indians, supported by the British, to the Battle of Blue Licks in Kentucky, claiming victory over a group of Patriot settlers. For the next dozen years, they continued to live among the tribe in a village named Nickajack, which was located near Chattanooga.
On Jun 1, 1797 Wiley married Sally Rice, the daughter of Baptist minister John Rice. Wiley and his cousin Micajah Harper (known as "Big Harpe") shared 3 different women as wives while committing crimes between 1797 and 1799. The women had three children by the pair, including one that was killed by Micajah for being a bother, and were briefly jailed but were set free and were said to have lived regular lives afterwards.
On Christmas day 1798 Wiley, Micajah Harper, and their three very pregnant women were arrested for the murder of Thomas Langford, whom they met in Crab Orchard KY. They were jailed at Stanford KY and indicted on Jan 4, 1799. After all five were transferred to Danville KY, Maria ("Betsy") had a son at the start of Feb 1799 and Susan had a daughter about a month later.
On Mar 16, 1799, the two Harpe fathers escaped leaving their women and two children behind. On Apr 8, the third woman, Sally, gave birth to a son. The three women were tried and acquitted.
In Apr 1799, 32 year old Frederick Stump Jr., son of Frederick Stump became the latest victim of the outlaws known as the Harpe Brothers. On Apr 22, the Governor of Kentucky issued a $300 reward "on each of the Harpe's heads" and one of the Harpes, Micajah, was soon captured by bounty hunters and his head hung on the Wilderness Trail in Warren Co. KY, where Frederick and his wife, Anna Maria ("Mary") lived.
The "Harpe brothers" went on the run after bounties were placed on their heads by the Kentucky Governor but were still able to reunite with their families in Illinois. They then went on a killing spree that spanned from Knoxville TN to Kentucky. One of the victims was Micajah's own son because he was annoying him. They briefly hid out with Samuel Mason's gang in Cave-In-Rock IL (on the Ohio River across from KY). The Harps were forced by the gang to leave after they viciously sent a man on a horse off a bluff to their deaths. The gang was soon forced to leave and headed south [Webster Co. KY, website].
In Kentucky, the cousins were tracked down by bounty hunters in Muhlenberg Co. KY on Aug 24, 1799. Micajah Harper was soon killed by the husband of one of their victims.
Historical marker in western KY 3 miles north of Dixon at the place, then along the Wilderness Trail, where the severed head of Micajah Harpe was displayed after he was caught and killed nearby.
Wiley, known as "Little Harpe" escaped the bounty hunters in KY and fled down the Natchez Trace where he hoped to rejoin the Samuel Mason Gang under an alias John Setton. He continued the crime spree with a Mason Gang member Peter Alston, son of Philip Alston.
Map of the Natchez District as it may have looked between 1779 and 1799.
On May 16, 1801 John Stump, twin brother of the Harpes' victim, married Rebecca Wilkins Hyde (1780-1853) in Davidson Co. TN.
Miss. Territory Governor Claiborne raised the reward for capture of Wiley to $500. Wiley was finally found in 1804 when he and Peter Alston tried to collect the reward, now over $2,000, for his head with the head of gang leader Samuel Mason. He was recognized and the two were imprisoned.
One month after Wiley was executed, on Mar 24, 1804, John Stump, twin brother of the Harpes' murder victim in 1799, claimed a lot in Natchez in the Mississippi Territory. Lot no. 4, Square no. 26 in the town of Natchez was originally granted on Oct 3, 1795 to Louisa Higdon, the wife of John Wylie. Louisa and John Wylie deeded the lot to John Stump "of Davidson Co. Tennessee" [McBee, p. 450]. A niece of John Stump was named Louisa Guice when she was born in 1807.
John Stump's son John and sister Anna's daughter Louisa were both born after John and Louisa Wylie deeded a Natchez lot to John Stump after the outlaw Wiley Harpe was captured and the reward of over $2,000 claimed. The brothers of John Wylie and John Stump could have been two of his victims.
Sources:
Cumberland Compact, original document signed May 13, 1780, Washington County NC, website.
Clayton, Prof. W.W., History of Davidson County Tennessee, reprod. 1971 by Charles Elder, Nashville TN.
Drake, Doug, Jack Masters and Bill Puryear, Founding of the Cumberland Settlements, The First Atlas, 1779-1804, Warioto Press, 2009, pp. 23, map E7.
Imbert, J. Leopold, map maker, Carte des Possessions Angloises... 1777, reprinted by the Museum of the American Revolution from map image at the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Boston Public Library.
McBee, May Wilson, comp., "Land Claims", in Natchez Court Records, 1767-1805, Book F, p.21, Book D, pp. 450, 458.
McBee, May Wilson, comp., Natchez Court Records, 1767-1805, Greenwood MS, 1953, v. 2, p. 450, 541.
MS Dept. of Archives & History (MDAH), Jackson MS, rootsweb, Americans Arriving in Spanish-Held Natchez 1780-1790.
MSGenWeb, Natchez District 1792 Census Index, comp. by Ellen Pack, website, transcribed and translated from Spanish.
North Carolina Land Grants, vol. 2, at Morganton NC Library, p. 6, #1476, transcribed by Lisabeth M. Holloway Oct 9, 1987.
Rowland, Dunbar, "1816 Census for Franklin Co. Miss.", taken from The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi,Centennial Edition, 1917, rootsweb website.
Webster Co. KY, "The Story of the Harp Brothers", Hopkins Co. Hist. Soc., website.
Wells, Carol, Natchez Postscripts 1781-1798, Heritage Books, pp. 101, 144-5, 151,